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5 · Clinical workflow integration#

Subtitles#

  1. Scope, output, and intended use
  2. Triage, concurrent assistant, QC, and autonomy
  3. Operating points and workload
  4. Site-specific and prospective validation
  5. Governance, regulation, and accountability
  6. Drift, monitoring, and revalidation
  7. Human factors and automation bias
  8. Economics and who captures value

Milestones#

  • Place a model in the real workflow and intended use.
  • Turn sensitivity/specificity into errors, PPV, NPV, and workload.
  • Match validation evidence to autonomy and deployment site.
  • Specify monitoring, revalidation, accountability, and exit.
  • Calculate a business case and name who owns each risk and benefit.

Possible exam questions#

CASE · Q1 — A slide-level melanoma model is offered for 14,000 mixed skin specimens. Which cases are in scope, what is missing from its output, and what blocks routine use?#

CASE · Q2 — Which of worklist triage, in-viewer overlay, and benign fast-track fit an adjunct intended use? How should slide scores become patient decisions?#

CASE · Q3 — For 10,000 slides and 5% prevalence, calculate TP/FP/FN, PPV, NPV, and flags/day at each threshold. Which point fits assistant versus rule-out?#

CASE · Q4 — A CE-IVD PD-L1 model changes antibody, stainer, scanner, and specimen type. Design site validation around 1% and 50% cut-offs and define ground truth.#

CASE · Q5 — Case mix changes and a new HER2-low therapy makes 0 versus 1+ clinically important. What drift checks and new validation are required?#

CASE · Q6 — If “IHC not needed” cases never receive IHC, why is zero disagreement not 100% NPV? Design an ethical evaluation of the prediction paradox.#

CASE · Q7 — Radiologist–AI agreement rises to 98.6%. Does that prove benefit or calibrated trust? Redesign policy and interface around automation bias.#

CASE · Q8 — Using the licence, integration, IHC, and reading-time figures, does pathology AI pay for itself? Who pays, who benefits, and what non-financial case remains?#